Smog is an atmospheric phenomenon characterized by the simultaneous presence of polluted air resulting from human activity and natural phenomena such as fog. The name "smog" comes from two English words smoke and fog.
Smog is composed of toxic chemical compounds (sulfur compounds, mercury, heavy metals, ammonia, lead, and nitrogen compounds). Fine PM2.5 particulate matter, with particles smaller than 2.5 um in diameter, reaches the lungs and enters the bloodstream. Those most at risk from the harmful effects of smog include people with heart and lung disease, the elderly, children, and those who engage in physical activity outdoors.
Poland is among the European Union countries with the highest concentrations of PM2.5. Smog is at its worst during the heating season, from September to April. In January 2017, air pollution standards in southern Poland exceeded 3,000 percent!
Periods of elevated air pollution levels are extremely hazardous to health. During these times, strokes, heart attacks, and pulmonary embolisms occur more frequently than usual, and mortality rates increase significantly. During periods of peak smog risk, the number of deaths increases by 6%, while deaths from cardiovascular causes (stroke, heart attack) is borne by 8%. Increased mortality is also observed several days after smog episodes*.
Air quality should be monitored regularly. Current data is published by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. If the standards are exceeded, do not leave home or, if necessary, wear a protective mask.
*Puls Medycyny No. 2 (333), February 1, 2017, Everyone can feel the effects of smog, p. 4
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